The shapes of pumps can vary, but the classic profile was codified in the 1950s by companies such as Gina in London (named by shoemaker Mehmet Kurdash after his muse, Gina Lollobrigida) and designers like Roger Vivier and Salvatore Ferragamo. Up front the toe comes to a point. In the back, echoing the toe’s geometry, the heel tapers quickly. The outside of the shoe is often monochromatic, constructed from shiny patent leather, mysterious black satin, and soft, elegant suede.
Since World War II, fashion firms as different as Christian Dior and Herbert Levine have produced pumps in a profusion of colors and materials. Gina pumps are often covered from heel to toe with rhinestones and colorful fake jewels; Jimmy Choo likes to shoe his customers in snakeskin and kid leather; Christian Louboutin goes to great lengths to make sure the vamps on his pumps reveal just enough, but not too much, sexy toe cleavage; and Manolo Blahnik likes to let color do the talking, creating pumps with high heels and low-cut lines in brilliant yellows, greens, purples, and, of course, reds.


Shoe store or shoe repair sign
Wooden Florsheim Shoe Forms





